最新托福阅读应试技巧和方法汇总

plant communities assemble themselves flexibly， and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. the first community in a succession is called a pioneer community， while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. these changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

according to paragraph 1， which of the following is not true of climax communities

a. they occur at the end of a succession.

b. they last longer than any other type of community.

c. the numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

d. they remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的'，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有c和d两个选项，d项的意思与原句相符，而c项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是c。

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