2023年新概念lesson9大全

l further notes on one text

air 有空气的意思，但这里做动词。本课中还有：dust(n.)灰尘;(v.)掸掉灰尘的意思。常用名词做的动词的词有：

aim air act answer back bag bank bike brush buckle bundle bump button cart cream cry cash climb channel cough catch crash crush crank craft count drink dive dish dent deck duck drool dump dunk drive dream email end equal finish figure face fence file finger fetch flank flick flow fish fire gamble glow goof grade gun gulp gap grind group hand hold hit ham hint heel hunt hem help hack ink itch ice inch iron jump joke jam jab jinx jerk kill kick kiss keep knock key knit knife lace line light lick laugh lust long lounge love moan mince master must mope map move mind nag nick neck name nod orbit offer play paint point part party plot plan picture push perm pump prance quiz quest read rack ram reach run roll record round rest rescue rope set sample shock sail shot shout shove sip sack strike stand slump stop stamp slap sleep turn tag tin tie tan time try throw track trace treat wire whine wall walk whip wrap yawn yell yarn

情态动词(model verbs)，又称情态助动词(model auxiliaries)，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或表示主观设想。常用的情态动词有：can(能);may(也许);must(应该);will(愿意);shall(将会);need(必需);have(已经)等。其语法规则为：

(1)情态动词有自己的词义，但不能单独使用，必须和不带to的动词原形组成动词不定式。(ought、have除外)：

i must be going school. 我必须上学去了。

(2)情态动词没有人称或复数的变化。

you must nurse your children. 你必须照顾好你的孩子。

(3)情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式：

can(could) may(might) must(had to) will(would) shall(should)

(4)情态动词的问句与否定形式：

can you speak english?

yes, i can. no, i can’t.

i can’t speak english.

语法：助动词be + 现在分词

用法：

(1)表示现的在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情：

don’t call me, i’m having a meeting.不要给我打电话，我正在开会。

(2)当将来时使用，主要表示要按划或安排要发和的动作：

they’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。

(3)习惯的事件，表示长期或重复性的动作。

i’m going to school on 8 o’clock. 我每天八点都要上学。

或者正在进行的事

i’m writing a book on the english. 我正在写一本关于英语方面的书。

(4)带有感情色彩表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶，当与副词always, forever, constantly, continually.注意和一般现在时的区别：

she’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(表赞扬)

she always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。(陈述一个事实)

(5)表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。要注意用现在进行时。

the leaves are turning red. 树叶变红了。

现在分词：

1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing

work ---- working

sleep ----- sleeping

study ----- studying

2 动词以不发音的-e结尾，要去-e加-ing

take ----- taking

make ----- making

dance ----- dancing

3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing (单音节的动词都重读，但像open因为第一个音节重读所以opening)

cut ----- cutting

put ----- putting

begin ------ beginning

(重读r音节也要用这条规则，但只限定单元+单读和重读同时满足，hearing remembering)

refer ----- referring

prefer----- preferring

4 以-ie结尾的'动词，把变成y再加-ing

lie ----- lying

tie ----- tying

die ----- dying

现在进行的例子：

the teacher is teaching these students in the classroom.

the teacher isn’t teaching these students in the classroom.

is the teacher teaching these students in the classroom? yes, she is. no, she isn’t.

what is the teacher doing?

who is teaching these students?

where is the teacher teaching these students?

3. what about 用法：

what about = how about

what about … 和 how about … 是英语口语中常用的两个省略句型，它们的意思和用法基本相同，常常用在以下场合。例如：

1. 向对方提出建议或请求。例如：

how about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗?

what about another cake? 再吃块蛋糕好吗?

2. 征询对方的看法或意见。例如：

what about the playing the violin? (你认为)她的小提琴拉的怎么样?

what about the tv play? 那个电视剧怎么样?

3. 询问天气或身体等情况。例如：

what about the weather in your home town? 你们家乡的气候如何?

how about your uncle now? you can’t leave him by himself. 你叔叔近来身体好吗?你们不能单独让他生活。

4. 寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。例如：

i am from beijing. what about you? 我是北京人，你呢?

5. 对所陈述的情况做出反诘，常给予对方一种暗示。例如：

my memory is good. i’ve never forgotten anything. 我的记忆力很好，从不忘记什么。

what about that time you left your key to the office at home? 那次你将办公室的要是忘在家里算是怎么回事呀?

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